Tuesday, April 11, 2017

Bible misreadings that incite anti-Semitism

The most read book in the world is not anti-Jewish. But mistranslations (alongside misinterpretations) work to mislead readers. Examples:

(1) Matthew 23:32-5 (read why here)

(2) 1 Thessalonians 2:14-15 (read why here)

An example of misinterpretation is that Paul in Romans 2 says Christ-believers are the only true Jews. As usual, the misinterpretation is shown to be obviously wrong within the same text: in Romans 11, Paul writes, "as regards election they are beloved, for the sake of their ancestors; for the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable" (11:28b-29, NRSV). 

How widespread are such misreadings? Is there a systematic reproduction of anti-Semitic readings of the Bible? That is: if two NT passages have been badly mistranslated, has this been sufficient to cause systematic anti-Semitic misreadings spreading throughout the 77 books of the Bible?

A deeply troubling indication is that even as one quotes the often virtuous New Revised Standard Version, one risks being tripped up by its highly questionable translation of Romans 11:28a, "As regards the gospel they are the enemies of God...". 

Here an NRSV footnote does clarify that the Greek source text does not say "of God". But why translate in such a way, when one could translate, consistent with both The Letter to the Romans and modern understanding of Ancient Greek, as follows:

...katà mèn tò euaggélion e/x/throì di' humâs
...while according to the gospel, enemies for the sake of you,

...katà dè tè:n eklogè:n agape:toì dià toùs patéras...
yet according to the election, beloved for the sake of the parents....

The NRSV appears to have sought a too-neat parallelism: although enemies of God yet beloved of God. But the text could well be more advanced in structure than a simple antithesis. (See for example a proposed translation here.)

For one thing, nowhere does Paul say that Israelites or Jews are presently the enemy of God! Rather, Paul has just stated that the historical hostility toward Jesus of Nazareth was necessary for the salvation of the Gentile nations (Romans 11:11) and of Israel (Romans 11:26-27).

A Christian who clearly did understand was Metropolitan Kiril of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, who is reported to have quoted Ruth 1:16 as he with 300 church members intervened successfully to stop a Nazi deportation train: "Wherever you go, I will go! Wherever you lodge, I will lodge. Your people will be my people, and your God, my God!" [1]

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Notes:
[1] Jim Forest, "The Bishop who stood in the way", In Communion: Website of the Orthodox Peace Fellowship, 23 June 2009, <http://incommunion.org/2009/06/23/a-bishop-who-stood-in-the-way/>.   

NRSV: New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

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